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CURRICULUM VITAE GURPREET BANHAL E-mail: [email  protected] co. in H. NO. 665/19 Contact No. 01874-4694621 R. R COLONY GALI NO. 4 (M) : +91 8109192849 GURDASPUR (PUNJAB) CAREER OBJECTIVE: Seeking a position to utilize my skills and abilities in the Industry to achieve success and honors’ in my profession. WORKING EXPERIENCE: – JAMNA AUTO INDUSTRIES LTD. GWALIOR FROM (01AUG 2009 TO TILL DATE. ) EON INFOTECH LTD. CHANDIGARH FROM (24 MARCH 2008 TO 31JULY2009. ) Advance Diploma CADD ENGINEERING. From cdac mohali (CHANDIGARH). 2% (1 AUGUST2007 TO 31JANUARY 2008) ANAND NISHIKAWA CO. LTD (06 NOV2006 TO 31 JULY 2007) JAMNA AUTO INDUSTRIES LIMITED MALANPUR GWALIOR DESIGNATION:- ENGINEER(PRODUCT DESIGN) An ISO: 9002 & QS-9000 Certified Company in Design Collaboration with NHK Springs Ltd. , Japan Involved in Designing & Manufacturing of Automobile springs. JAI has tied up with Ridewell_Corporation of USA to manufacture Air Suspension, Bogie Suspension and Lift Axles in India. R idewell has more than 42 patents for various suspension products and is considered a leader in this field. Our Clients:-Indian clients; Export clients:- Tata Motors,Volvo asia Ashok Leyland, Nissan diesel(UD TRUCK) Maruti Suzuki, John-R (USA) Mahindra & Mahindra, AUTOMANN (USA) AMW, Navistar international truck corp. (USA) Eicher Motors, GAFFAR ,JORDAN Swaraj Mazda, etc. Hendrickson (USA), etc. Key Responsibilities: ? PRODUCT DESIGN OF PARABOLIC/CONVENTIONAL SPRINGS AT UNLADEN LOAD, RATED LOAD IN CATIAV5R19 ?PRODUCT COSTING, PRODUCT DESIGN, FEASIBILITY, COMPONENT COSTING, CUT WEIGHT COSTING OF STEEL USED. ? LOAD RATE CALCULATION, FATIGUE TESTING OF SPRING, RELIABILITY ENGINEERING , Durability / Fatigue / Life estimation . Design of test rigs and development of test plans . ? Analyzing the technical requirements and specifications for recommending design modifications of Assy. And components based on client requirements. ? Preparation of technical documentation, describing the specif ications/usage of products like, APQP, FMEA CONTROL PLAN, Feasibility report, ECN, , PFC ,TOOL DRAWING,GUAGES DRAWING,FIXTURE DRAWING etc. INVOLVE IN PPAP TRAILS, TOOL & DIE TRAILS, 5S maintaining ,REVERSE ENGINEERING OF parabolic spring/leaf spring. FIXTURE DESIGN,PLANT LAYOUT OF SHOP FLOOR, ? Designing through 3-D CAD model , Detailing / GD&T. ? Preparation of engineering drawings, PRODUCT DRAWING, ASSEMBLY DRAWING through AutoCAD2007, CATIAV5R19. ? Participating in project review meetings for tracking project progress & planning, etc. ? Identifying modification & their root causes to review product improvement. ? Preparing the Process drawing, component drawing TOOLING DESIGN IN CATIAV5R19. Adequate Knowledge of different SAP module, Creating BOM, Routing. ? FATIGUE TESTING OF LEAF SPRING/PARABOLIC SPRING ON SERVO ACTUATOR as per DVP. Project Handled: VA/VALUE ENGINEERING OF Parabolic Leaf Spring for INDIAN Clients TATA, ASHOK LEYLAND. – JOB PROFILE IN EON INFOTECH LIMITED MOHALI. (March24,2008 to31 july2009) ? Making 2D and 3d models , generating different views of drawings ? Product design & development of new component. ? Making assembly of chassis, exploded view. ? Prototype development, making bom, component development. ? Installation of ctu project handled. Follow up with vendors for new product design. ? PRODUCT COSTING OF CHASIS. CUT WT. CALCULATION ? Sheet metal component design for various pcb holding. ? JOB PROFILE IN ANCO :-(NOV 2006 TO 31JULY2007) ? â€Å"ANAND NISHIKAWA CO. LTD. †LALRU, CHANDIGARH (PUNJAB) in engineering department. The plant at this location deals with the production of ‘Rubber Seals’, DOOR RUBBER, WIND SHEILD, TRIM being used for automobile industry & having TS16949 certification. There my job responsibilities were : ? PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT OF PVC TRIM, DOOR TRIM . ? Die trials and rectification of Dies and keeping process data records. Responsible for daily work management. ? Responsible for contro l of process as per specifications/control plans and work instructions. ? To maintain work discipline and ensure harmony within the department by building team to obtain optimum results. ? To strive and achieve lower production cost. ? Deployment & full utilization of manpower in production. ? Handling shop floor activities and implementing effective techniques to bring efficiency in operations to improve quality standards & achieve maximum cost savings CADD SKILLS ? AutoCAD: – 2D, 3D Part Modeling, Dimensioning and Layout. Mechanical Designer: – 2D, 3D Part Modeling, Dimensioning and Layout. ? Autodesk Inventor: – 2D, 3D Part Modeling, Dimensioning and Layout. ? Pro-e3. 0 :- Sketch, part & assembly design, interactive & generative drafting ? CatiaV5R19 :- Part Design, Surface, Assembling Design, Generative Drafting, sheet metal design. EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION: Advance Diploma in CAD ENGINEERING. From cdac mohali (CHANDIGARH). BTECH IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING F ROM B. C. E. T GURDASPUR SENIOR SECONDARY(NON-MEDICAL) FROM KVT GURDASPUR (CBSE BOARD) HIGHER SECONDARY FROM KVT GURDASPUR (CBSE BOARD)Eon InfoTech Limited is a technology company headquartered in the Northern Indian city of Chandigarh. Founded in 1997 by a team of first-generation entrepreneurs, it is today a 75-plus (and growing) tech team dedicated to providing cutting-edge Embedded, Networking and Information Technology Solutions to its clients. We specialize in delivering World Class Embedded software-based and VLSI design solutions. To this end, Eon owns a number of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) Role: Design Engineer Project Details handled in eon infotech limited. Project:Kavach Software’s used:Auto-cad,Duration: Completed Client: Indian Navy, GCF Team Size 3 Description: Kavach is a soft Kill antimissile system. In this project I design the †¢ Auxiliary console. †¢ Launcher interface unit. †¢ Power supply and communication unit. †¢ 19 inchesà ¢â‚¬â„¢ rack for full fitment of systems. Project:Gemini Software’s used:CATIAV5R19 Duration: 3 months Client: Indian Army Team Size 3 Description: Gemini is a counter RCIED system that is used to predestinate the RCIED’s. The equipment is mounted in 2. 5T vehicles.Project:ESS HOUSING Software’s used:AutoCAD, CATIAV5R19 Duration: 1 months Client: TBRL CHANDIGARH Team Size 2 Description: Ess an embeded security system is used as a communication module in agni 3. Project:VOYAGER BOX Software’s used:AutoCAD Duration: 2 months Client: CTU CHANDIGARH Team Size 1 Description: VOYAGER IS AN GPS/GPRS/GSM ENABLED BOX FOR THE BUS TRACKING SYSTEM. ACHIEVEMENTS & EXTRA CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES: ? Participate in youth parliament & project during school time. Participated in college & school level debates, GDs & various other competition. ? Stood first in Inter college Folk dance competition INDUSTRIAL TRAINING: †¢ Two months training in Northern Railways Mechanical Workshop AMRITSAR. †¢ Six month industrial training in BHUSHAN STEELS LTD. CHANDIGARH †¢ Project undertaken during training (To check the rejection against the total number of tubes manufactured) . ? Retrofitting and performance analysis of household refrigerator with CARE-30 AS refrigerant PERSONAL PROFILE: Name : Gurpreet Banhal .Father's Name : Sh. B. R banhal. Mother's Name : Smt. Amarjeet Kaur. Nationality : Indian. Date of Birth : 27th, august 1985. Hobbies : GYM, Playing cricket, listening music, net surfing etc. Languages Known : English, Hindi & Punjabi. passport no. : g0702016 Place : GWALIOR ( Gurpreet Banhal ).

Obesity Essay Introduction Essay

In the process of evolution, a human body has adapted to accumulate a supply of nutrients in the amount of food for expending it in conditions of forced absence or restriction of provision. This kind of evolutionary advantage allowed us to survive in difficult times. In ancient period, fatness was considered as a sign of well-being, prosperity, fertility, and health. An example is the sculpture of Venus of Willendorf, dated 22nd millennium BC. E. A careful attitude to own weight is a trend of the present time. The lifestyle of a modern person is often far from what doctors and elementary common sense recommend. Constant stress and inability to have a good rest lead to one of the simplest and cheapest ways to relax like absorption of high-calorie food. As a result, a wide-scale disease in megacities becomes obesity, but it can be prevented by conducting regular laboratory diagnostics. Obesity is a widespread illness, characterized by excessive development of adipose tissue. The problem frequently occurs with age, when motor activity decreases, and a number of vital body systems fail. The genesis of fatness is mostly caused by a violation of the balance between energy intake and its expenditure of the body. Excess calories, i.e. not consumed by an organism, are converted to grease, which accumulates in fat stores. We are talking about subcutaneous tissue, epiploon, abdominal wall, internal organs, etc. An increase in fat stores leads to addition in body weight and disruption of many systems. The basis of an appearance of primary obesity is an alimentary factor associated with an enhanced energy value of the diet at low energy costs. The mentioned type develops as an output of the predominance in a menu of carbohydrates and animal grease or disruption of dietary patterns, which often carries a family predisposition. Calories contained in fats contribute more to weight gain than those involved in proteins and carbohydrates. Hypodinamy significantly reduces an ability of muscles to oxidize grease. Secondary fatness accompanies such hereditary syndromes as Babinsky-Frohlich’s disease, Gelino syndrome, Lawrence-Myan-Barde-Biddle syndrome, etc. Symptomatic obesity may also happen against a background of various cerebral lesions. Similar changes in eating behavior occur as a result of the violation of a hypothalamic-pituitary regulation, which is responsible for controlling behavioral responses. Their genesis is also facilitated by a number of factors, such as a low-activity lifestyle, genetically caused disorders of enzyme activity, errors in nature or dietary, some endocrine pathologies, stress, lack of sleep, and the use of psychotropic or hormonal drugs. Obesity’s presence within a certain patient entails the need for a number of laboratory tests necessary for finding out the reasons and an appointment of adequate therapy. Analyzes allow you to assess liver function, parameters of fat and carbohydrate metabolism, a state of the reproductive system, the functioning of the thyroid gland. Thus, every person suffering from fatness could have own motivation for weight loss: cosmetic effect, reducing the risk to health, improving efficiency, a desire to wear smaller clothes or a wish to look good. However, goals and its rates should be real and directed, first of all, to reduce dangers of obesity-related complications. With hereditary predisposition, at the age of 40 years, in conditions of hypodinamy, it needs to limit consumption of carbohydrates, fats, transit to the diet of protein and plant foods. For the prevention of obesity, a person with a normal weight is enough to spend calories and energy as much as he or she gets them during the day.

Our Duties to the Environment Essay

Technology, unfortunately, has two-faces; while it can aid the human race in easing tasks, curing countless diseases, and even lengthening life spans, it can also destroy the earth and its inhabitants. There is much good to be said about the development of the human race when it comes to technology, but it cannot be denied that insofar as Mother Earth is concerned, there were countless of damages inflicted through the process of development. There is a need to evaluate the costs and problems that will be met whenever new developments arise, as well as find means to finally minimize these problems. In order to come up with the information on how such problems may be minimized, there needs to be an analysis of the literature regarding such issues (Pojman and Vaughn 895). Despite the fact that various literature has been written about the problem, the human race cannot escape the fact that they might have not done enough to address such issues. Our Duties to the Environment shows that in order for such problems to be solved, there is a need for humans to acknowledge the fact that technology and development can cause as much harm as good to everyone. Work Cited Pojman, Louis, and Lewis Vaughn. â€Å"Our Duties to the Environment. † The Moral Life: An Introductory Reader in Ethics and Literature. , Louis Pojman and Lewis Vaughn. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. 893-895. Print.

The House of Lords Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The House of Lords - Essay Example Membership of the Lords Temporal had by 15th century, become almost entirely hereditary and male, members usually being summoned by writ rather than chosen by the monarch. Lords Temporal became to be known as Peers and until the suppression of the monasteries in 1539 the Lords spiritual consisted of Bishops, abbots and priors. After 1839, only bishops attended and the Lords Temporal formed a majority for the first time. During the civil war of 1642, Bishops were excluded from the House of Lords but returned by the clergy act of 1661. The house itself ceased to exist in 1649 but resumed separate sittings in 1660. Legal backing, in 1671 and 1678 resolutions gave pre-eminence in financial matters to the House of Commons after attempts by the House of Lords to breach the convention. Also the bill of rights was initiated in 1689, by the Commons, to establish authority of the parliament over the king. A lot of reforms, in the House followed over time. In 1999, the House of Lords act removed the right of most hereditary Peers to sit and vote in the House. An amendment to the bill, tabled by the Lord Weatherill and accepted by the government enabled 92 hereditary peers to remain until the House was fully reformed. The House of Lords is the second chamber of the United Kingdom parliament.

UAE AND GCC SOCIETY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

UAE AND GCC SOCIETY - Essay Example Government of several countries is developing various environmental policies in order to reduce the threat of global warming through the reduction of carbon emission level. Moreover, the governments are motivating the organizations to conduct sustainable business practices. Gulf countries are trying to introduce non-carbon energy sources in order to control the level of carbon emission. The study will focus on the alternative energy sources of oil and sustainable development of Gulf countries in future. Discussion GCC countries are the incremental suppliers of oil and gas for entire globe. First of all, day-by-day the price of oil and gas are increasing dramatically. Secondly, higher consumption of fossil fuels is increasing the level of carbon emission. Therefore, government of all the developed and developing countries is motivating industries and communities to reduce the consumption of oil and gas. Moreover, people are trying to use substitute of oil and gas as their energy resou rces. These substitutes are solar energy, wind energy and electric energy. Looking into these factors, GCC countries are trying to develop several environmental policies to reduce the consumption of oil and gas. ... Rapid energy demand growth can be attributed to three several affiliated causes. Due to several demographic changes, industrialization and low price level are motivating people to consume electricity as major energy resources. The GCC countries are manufacturing and distribution oil as the form of a cartel the name of this cartel is OPEC. They are maintaining the price of oil in global countries. Moreover, due to total control over oil and gas, OPEC is increasing the price of oil and gas on regular basis. In addition, burning of fossil fuel is increasing the level of carbon emission that is resulting rapid global climate change. Looking into these factors, several organizations and industries within all the GCC countries are trying to reduce the consumption of oil and gas. They are trying to implement substitute energy resources of oil and gas in their business process. Demand for solar energy and electrical energy is significantly increasing in UAE. It is true that, people now-a-day s are trying to avoid the consumption of fossil fuel cars. Petrol or diesel vehicles are more costly comparing to other substitute vehicles. Leading organizations around the globe are trying to capitalize on the opportunities that have been developed due to globalization and advanced technologies. Several vehicle manufacturing organizations are trying to provide energy efficient cars and electric cars to reduce the consumption of oil and gas. These organizations are making profit through this strategy and this strategy is bringing sustainability in the economy, environment and society of a country. Wind, solar and water energy are considered as the renewable energy sources. Economic growth of a country highly depends on the

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Leadership - Essay Example In the financial year of 2012, the company recorded sales of $ 83.7 billion, the total equity of the company stands at $ 63.4 billion while the assets are to the tune of $ 132.2 billion. P&G Company changed the structure of their business in 2011 and formed two ‘Global Business Units’ that were further sub divided into ‘Business Segments’. From the new structuring, the company came up with the following segments; Baby care and Family Home Care, Snacks and Pet Care, Grooming, Fabric Care and Home Care, and Beauty Care (Baucus, 2011, p.18). This new structuring was proposed for easier channelling of the products to the market for marketing enhancement purposes, considering the management of P&G and the staff, the board of directors comprise of eleven members that manages the company with the CEO, chairperson and the President of the company being A.G Lafley. The company is one of the 500 fortune companies and was in 2008 considered top one hundred employers in Canada, the Company is also a member of the U.S. Global Leadership Coalition (Watt 1998, p.13), this company operates in most of the continents including manufacturing operations are based in Africa, China among others (Canedy 2012, p.17). Company’s Analysis As indicated in the introductory part, P&G also is an American multinational company spread in many countries including UK. As such, the company faces several challenges that it has to handle and this needs leadership management for efficient delivery of the required solution (Penford 2005, p.22). There are many challenges facing businesses all over the world and there has to be a strong leadership management at the helm, a leadership that is result oriented comes and can navigate the challenges fort the business keep track in the right direction of productivity. Considering this, analyses is done for P&G Company in the United Kingdom to understand the key challenges confronting the business, the model that has been used in this case is PEST analysis (Vinwood 2001, p.19). PEST model is a useful tool that is mostly engaged to understand the market growth or decline that may be experienced by a company, in this regard, the analysis that is accrued from PEST can be conveniently used to project on critical factors in an organization like potential, direction as well as the position. It is thus important to do a PEST analysis of a company occasionally to understand the critical factors that may be bedevilling its performance (Hardesty, 2008). Political Factors As it is known that P&G Company mainly deals on the personal cleaning and laundry products as their mainstream products, there are several political challenges that have been found to be affecting the company in UK. The indigenous companies in the country like Hospec Company are favoured by the tax legislations enacted in the country; this is away from the funding and grant given to the companies by the government. The taxation policies given to P &G are making their products very high not to favourably compete with the domestic products in the country in terms of costs (Crick 2012, p.21). In this regard, one of the challenges facing the company in UK is balancing the cost of their products so that they can be the same with the indigenous products; the Company has to balance this for adequate competition with other local companies in the UK. If the company

Family Law coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Family Law coursework - Essay Example If it’s proved not to be, there could be a long custody battle and who knows what other kinds of problems. The fact that the vicar, Leonie, was doing a ‘test-run’ marriage ceremony is of no consequence as long as there is proof that both parties actually went through with the ceremony. Moreover, the Family Law Act 1996 states that â€Å"†¦an application for divorce can only be made if the couple have been married for a year or more and the only ground for a divorce petition is that the marriage has irretrievably broken down.†1 Obviously, since Myles and Emilia have been married for more than one year—and since Emilia is having destructive ‘fits’ of sorts—this could definitely apply to your situation as having been ‘broken down.’ More so, you, Mr. McHenty, have every legal reason to receive benefits even though you don’t have a prenuptial agreement. In the court case Parlour v Parlour,2 Ray Parlour was orde red to give a significant portion of his wealth and assets to his wife. It was a shocking case because Mr. Parlour obviously did not have a prenuptial agreement—which, in the end, hurt him. Similarly, in your case it may hurt Emilia the most that she did not draw up a prenup considering the wealth of estate with which she’s been entrusted by a relative. ... favor besides the fact of the missing prenuptial agreement is that Emilia has accustomed you to a certain way of life that you would not have had had it not been for the estate which had been so graciously bestowed upon her—and which, she shared with you, at least in the beginning. In Miller v Miller,4 it was ruled that multimillionaire Alan Miller had to pay five million pounds to his former wife of three years, for several reasons—but one of them namely being that he had hoped his wife would have a better standard of living. Therefore, since Emilia had rights to the estate, you are in even better of a position as someone who doesn’t have the same wealth as she does. Therefore, you are allowed to earn some type of spousal support from her, as the case may be. For example, in McFarlane v McFarlane,5 it was ruled by the courts that Mrs. McFarlane should be allowed to partake of the high income of her former husband. That notwithstanding, there is another case, Whi te v White,6 which proved that needs and reasonable requirements should be taken into account in divorce proceedings, rather than just a simple mathematical calculation which would take care of the question of equitable division of the assets. This means that not only must Emilia share her assets, but they must be divided up in such a manner that is ‘fair.’ Of course, it is up to the courts to decide what constitutes fairness; however, the case is once again going to be in your favour. With regard to living arrangements, the courts will make a suitable argument that will take care of your needs indefinitely. III. Whether Local Social Services Could Take Your Son Into Its Care Now, as to whether local social services could take your son into its care, is an entirely different matter altogether. â€Å"In

Social communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social communication - Essay Example fight it/Joseph Stalin, Malenkov, Nasser and Prokofiev/Rockefeller, Campanella, Communist Bloc/Roy Cohn, Juan Peron, Toscanini, Dacron/Dien Bien Phu falls, â€Å"Rock Around the Clock†/Einstein, James Dean, Brooklyn’s got a winning team/Davy Crockett, Peter Pan, Elvis Presley, Disneyland/Bardot, Budapest, Alabama, Krushchev/Princess Grace, â€Å"Peyton Place,† trouble in the Suez CHORUS Little Rock, Pasternak, Mickey Mantle, Kerouac/Sputnik, Chou En-Lai, â€Å"Bridge on the River Kwai†/Lebanon, Charles de Gaulle, California baseball/Starkweather, homicide, children of thalidomide/Buddy Holly, â€Å"Ben Hur,† Space Monkey, Mafia/Hula hoops, Castro, Edsel is a no-go/U-2, Syngman Rhee, Payola and Kennedy/Chubby Checker, â€Å"Psycho,† Belgians in the Congo CHORUS Hemingway, Eichmann, Stranger in a Strange Land/Dylan, Berlin, Bay of Pigs invasion/Lawrence of Arabia, British Beatlemania/Ole Miss, John Glenn, Liston beats Patterson/Pope Paul, Malco lm X, British politician sex/JFK, blown away, what else do I have to say CHORUS Birth control, Ho Chi Minh, Richard Nixon back again/Moonshot, Woodstock, Watergate, punk rock/Begin, Reagan, Palestine, terror on the airline/Ayatollah’s in Iran, Russians in Afghanistan/†Wheel of Fortune,† Sally Ride, heavy metal, suicide/Foreign debts, homeless vets, AIDS, crack, Bernie Goetz/Hypodermics on the shores, China’s under martial law/Rock and roller cola wars, I can’t take it anymore CHORUS We didn’t start the fire/But when we are gone/Will it still burn on, and on, and on, and on... White Riot: White riot - I want a riot/White riot - a riot of my own/White riot - I want a riot/White riot - a riot of my own/Black people got a lot a problems/But they dont mind throwing a brick/White people go to school/Where they teach you how to be thick/And everybodys doing/Just what theyre told to/And nobody wants/To go to jail! CHORUS All the powers in the hands/Of people rich enough to buy it/While we walk the street/Too chicken to even

Research paper on three plays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research paper on three plays - Essay Example an, narrates the story of a tragic character so engrossed in his false belief, that reality and illusion merge, resulting in an internal struggle that leads to his downfall. Each play portrays the internal battle of a man struggling to come to terms with his own, bitter reality and departing from his fantasy world. In selecting the frailty of illusion over the constancy of reality, the protagonists meet their inevitable disaster. From the start of Sophocles’ tragic play, Oedipus takes many actions and makes many choices leading to his own downfall. Oedipus selects to disregard numerous warnings, involving truth of his life and family background. Teiresias supplies Oedipus with everything he has to know regarding his fate by stating, â€Å"You, yourself, are the pollution of this country,† (634). Notwithstanding this evident assertion of truth, Oedipus chooses to delude in his comfortable fantasy, that he has escaped his inevitable fate. He chooses to ignore the prophecy of his fate to kill his father and marry his mother. Oedipus tries to resist the gods by escaping from his homeland, Corinth, but instead throws himself directly into the hands of fate. Oedipus ignores another warning of truth in ignoring the words of Teiresias. He thinks that he has successfully evaded his own destiny; however, he could not have been farther from the truth. Oedipus’ imprudent decisions finally lead to hi s ruin in the play. Oedipus’ most irrational choice succeeds throughout the play: the choice of illusion over reality in the end costs him his life. Similar to the Oedipus’ inability to accept the truth, Hamlet persists in blinding himself. Even after the ghost narrates to Hamlet how his father was killed, Hamlet has the players act it out, in order to be convinced. His obscurity of the truth remains consistent. Although the king gives himself away after seeing the replay of his brother’s murder, by yelling, â€Å"Give me some light. Away!† (79), Hamlet is still undecided.

Car pooling scheme is effective argue against this statement Essay

Car pooling scheme is effective argue against this statement - Essay Example While there seem to be many advantages to it, huge list of disadvantages also make it highly inconvenient for lot of people. The paper would primarily be discussing those shortfalls of carpooling. One of the most important disadvantages is that it considerably restricts the freedom of choice of the people who are part of carpooling arrangement. People can only move back and forth between two travel points which adversely impacts on their independence. Punctuality is of paramount importance because others are also involved who cannot afford to be late because of one person. Their temporary or sudden change of travel plans cannot be accommodated within the arrangement that leaves the person with the inconvenience of finding or using alternate mode of transport at short notice. Indeed, the emergency situations in such plans are not included, which can happen anytime and anywhere. In fact, it totally fails to address this aspect for individual cases. Another important issue is that of pr ivacy of individuals. The people have to sacrifice their personal space and accommodate with the eccentricities of others. They also cannot have confidential conversation on their mobile or include their relation or friend in the arrangement at short notice. Some people also have peculiar habit or habits that they do not like others to know.

Child Labour Essay Example for Free

Child Labour Essay Child labor is work that harms children or keeps them from attending school. Around the world growing gaps between rich and poor in recent decades have forced millions of young children out of school and into work. The International Labor Organization estimates that 215 million children between the ages of 5 and 17 currently work under conditions that are considered illegal, hazardous, or extremely exploitative. Underage children work at all sorts of jobs around the world, usually because they and their families are extremely poor. Large numbers of children work in commercial agriculture, fishing, manufacturing, mining, and domestic service. Some children work in illicit activities like the drug trade and prostitution or other traumatic activities such as serving as soldiers. Some social scientists point out that some kinds of work may be completely unobjectionable — except for one thing about the work that makes it exploitative. For instance, a child who delivers newspapers before school might actually benefit from learning how to work, gaining responsibility, and a bit of money. But what if the child is not paid? Then he or she is being exploited. As UNICEF’s 1997 State of the World’s Children Report puts it, Children’s work needs to be seen as happening along a continuum, with destructive or exploitative work at one end and beneficial work promoting or enhancing children’s development without interfering with their schooling, recreation and rest at the other. And between these two poles are vast areas of work that need not negatively affect a child’s development. Other social scientists have slightly different ways of drawing the line between acceptable and unacceptable work. As UNICEF’s 1997 State of the World’s Children Report puts it, Children’s work needs to be seen as happening along a continuum, with destructive or exploitative work at one end and beneficial work promoting or enhancing children’s development without interfering with their schooling, recreation and rest at the other. And between these two poles are vast areas of work that need not negatively affect a child’s development. Other social scientists have slightly different ways of drawing the line between cceptable and unacceptable work. In 2000, the ILO estimates, 246 million child workers aged 5 and 17 were involved in child labour, of which 171 million were involved in work that by its nature is hazardous to their safety, physical or mental health, and moral development. Moreover, some 8. 4 million children were engaged in so-called unconditional worst forms of child labour, which include forced and bonded labour, the use of children in armed confl ict, trafficking in children and commercial sexual exploitation.

Aesthetics of Knowledge Maps Essay Example for Free

Aesthetics of Knowledge Maps Essay If â€Å"a picture is worth a thousand words†, what is the worth of each word? Does the value of the aesthetic decrease through this transition? The human brain is trained to believe that there is a word to describe aesthetic, being able to put a label or description on all of this information. Why must we even classify a photo’s meaning through the written language? Visual information cannot be fully described through language or non-visual semiotic systems, because it is irreducible. Information is an artistic and aesthetic concept; to understand our world we must include the notion of information and how we as humans can make a representation of the world in our minds. Visual artifacts contain information. We store information visually, we analyze information through a visual means, and we understand information better when it is represented visually. The word ‘tree’ represents a tree as an aesthetic, an encompassing notion versus a specific image of a singular tree. There is a broader spectrum for understanding when something is visual. Depending of what language you speak, the framework of our semantic foundation, the meaning of a word varies drastically. People that speak different languages all see something in a photograph or painting and could tell you what it is they see, but the differences in our semantic thinking, language of words classifying information, will make it different. When a human is in early development stages as a child, the first initial way to communicate for them is visual information. Before children learn to read and write they draw, watch television, look at picture books. Then they are given teachings of communicating visuals to word. During the Paleolithic Period, 40,000–8,000 BCE, nomadic people painted in caves as a wondrous early way of communication, sharing information with others. An incredible example is the Hall of Bulls in the Lasceux Caves located in France in 15,000 BCE. These humans could not read or write and yet the visual information they represented with these paintings is breathtaking. They didn’t need 1,000 words to describe what they saw until the information age. Stories throughout time have been told naturally with visual information. Information has a history, yet unlike regular history, it is unbound by Euclidian space. It is not a physical being that has but one description. However, now information is all put into word. Without an extensive vocabulary there is little chance you could ever be able to express notions as clearly as if you were to simply communicate with visuals. Reliance on visual’s word to form the structure of all of our communication means thinking; visualizing information and mapping thought processes. Knowledge deals with matter of facts; laws of nature and society deal with energy processes and determine knowledge and facts. Information is prior to laws and knowledge; information is structured, relational, stored and transmitted, aesthetic. Information is configurations, organization and formalization. Mapping concepts structures our knowledge and makes us able to generate hypotheses. The organization of thoughts and concepts in this way brings the opportunity of serendipitously learning.

Earthquake in Chile

Earthquake in Chile Earthquakes The movement of the earths tectonic plates causes earthquakes. Earthquakes occur where plates meet along plate boundaries. F.e when two plates move towards each other, one plate can be pushed down beneath the other plate, into the mantle: this is a subduction zone. If this plate gets stuck under the other one, it causes a lot of pressure on the surrounding rocks. When this pressure will be released it will produce shock waves. These shock waves are called seismic waves. This is what we call an earthquake. Plate boundaries The place where two or more plates meet, is known as a plate boundary. There are four types of plate boundaries: constructive, destructive, conservative and collision plate boundaries. Almost all earthquakes occur near to plate boundaries. Earthquake in Chile The earthquake in Chile was caused by subduction. At the west coast of Chile, three tectonic plates meet: Antarctic plate, South American plate and the Nazca plate. Chile is located at a convergent plate boundary (a destructive plate boundary). The Peru-Chile trench is caused by the subduction of the oceanic Nazca plate under the continental South American Plate. This movement causes seismicity and volcanism in Chile, producing amazing earthquakes. This is a typical example of a continental-oceanic subduction zone. This earthquake was the biggest one that hit Chile in over 50 years. Measuring earthquakes The magnitude of an earthquake is measured with a seismometer. This machine measures movements in the surface of the earth. The Richter scale measures earthquakes on a logarithmic scale. This means that an earthquake of 5 is ten times more powerful than one of 6 on the scale of Richter. Most people express the magnitude with this scale. The 2010 Haiti earthquake had a catastrophic magnitude of 7.0.The Chile earthquake was measured 8.8, this means there is almost a widespread destruction. It was one of the strongest earthquakes that were ever recorded. If we must believe Chilean authorities, over 300 people have been killed. Richter Scale: Magnitude Damage 4 This magnitude earthquake is widely felt and is strong enough to crack plaster. 5 A strong vibration shakes the earth, damaging chimneys and weak buildings. 6 This earthquake is strong enough to badly damage average buildings. 7 This earthquake is strong enough to destroy even well built structures. 8 Even special, earthquake-resistant buildings will be badly damaged. 9 There is widespread destruction. History of earthquakes Chile is a very active plate boundary, so its a perfect place for earthquakes. Chile is located in the so-called Ring of fire, an area in the Pacific where there are a lot of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The names of the plates are in white. You can see the Nazca plate is causing subduction (blue line with triangles), because it goes under the South American plate (Amà ©rique du Sud). Tsunami Yes, there is a chance on a tsunami The earthquake happened near a plate boundary. Because of plate tectonics, one plate can sink deeper, so there becomes a difference in sea level. Bibliography http://andrevandelft.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/earthquake_depth.png http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8540289.stm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Chile ttp://s.ngeo.com/wpf/media-live/photologue/photos/2010/03/02/cache/23047_600x450-cb1267561459.jpg http://www.stratfor.com/files/mmf/1/2/12b92bbe141fcccef515d7d9f927de8434bf3a50.jpg http://english.ruvr.ru/2010/03/02/4961912.html http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/7331231/Chile-earthquake-tsunami-warnings-trigger-evacuations-across-Pacific.html

The Stigma of Mental Illness: Undiagnosed and Untreated Essay -- Isolat

Madhouses, looney bins, insane asylums, monsters, witches, and lunatics. These are the terms that haunt both the mentally ill and the facilities that provide their treatment. The stigma of mental illness prevents persons in need of treatment from seeking help for their mental illnesses. The roots of the stigma of mental illness need to be dissected to reduce the discrimination, prejudice, and stereotyping of the mentally ill. There are things that can be done to prevent this stigma including changes in federal policy, public cooperation, and individual advocacy. 1. HISTORICAL CONTEXT Civilizations have tried to cure the mentally ill since prehistoric times. Often it was believed that these people were victims of possession by demons, or were witches. Doctors Eric Snitchler and Kevin Harris from Northern Illinois University noted that â€Å"Archeologists have uncovered skulls with holes drilled in them dating back as far as 8,000 B.C†¦the holes may have been drilled into the skull as a means of releasing ‘evil spirits’ that were trapped inside the head causing abnormal behavior.† This surgery, referred to as trephining, is still practiced by some African tribes today. In the Middle Ages, Europeans left the mentally unstable alone unless they proved to be dangerous. In the 1600s Europeans began to isolate the mentally ill. They treated them poorly and chained them to walls and left them in dungeons. After the French Revolution, some establishments were reformed and patients were given more freedom and more pleasant living conditions; however, many people were still mistreated. In America, the mentally ill were locked up with criminals and hidden from the outside world. By the late 1800s, many state psychiatric hospitals were ... ...al. â€Å"The ‘Backbone’ of Stigma: Identifying the Global Core of Public Prejudice Associated With Mental Illness.† American Journal of Public Health 103.5 (2013): 853-860. Business Source Premier. Web. 3 Feb. 2014. Shrivastava, Amresh, et al. "Clinical Risk of Stigma and Discrimination of Mental Illnesses: Need For Objective Assessment and Quantification." Indian Journal of Psychiatry 55.2 (2013): 178-182. Academic Search Complete. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. Snitchler, Eric, and Kevin Harris. â€Å"History of Abnormal Psychology.† Online Posting. Northern Illinois U, Spring 2002. Web. 28 Feb. 2014. "Timeline: Treatments for Mental Illness." PBS. American Express, 2002. Web. 28 Feb. 2014. Vogel, David L., Nathaniel G. Wade, and Shawn Haake. "Measuring the Self-Stigma Associated with Seeking Psychological Help." Journal of Counseling Psychology 53.3 (2006): 325- 37. Print.

Trade Law Essay -- International Law

Part 1: Critically assess the argument that electronic bills of lading are better and more effective than paper bills of lading. This essay will answer the first part of the question by at first introducing bills of lading, their history and features and then explain what electronic bills of lading are. Bills of lading originated as a result of Mediterranean trading during the 11th or 12th century AD when records of the goods loaded (where the word ‘lading’ comes from) on to ships over long distances were kept. During the early part of the 20th century rules were drawn up by the International Law Association called the Hague Rules that aimed at regulating the obligations and the liabilities of those carrying the goods by sea. A bill of lading documents the type, destination and quantity of the good being transported and also serves as a receipt of shipment when the goods reach their destination. Being a legal document between the carrier and the shipper, which must be signed by both and also signed by the recipient, a bill of lading can be treated as evidence under many different laws as it is a document of title. Due to it being a document of title the shipment will be incomplete without the documentation; therefore it cannot be passed on to the correct party when the goods are presented at the port of destination stipulated in the ocean bill of lading. Bills of lading are usually made in three original pieces or parts which are sent off to the consignee by mail, another is sent off to with the goods and the last is retained by the shipper. Sometimes the master of the ship retains a copy for their own personal reference. An example copy of a bill of lading may be seen in appendix one, at the end of this essay. Two ex... ...hnology Law, 17(2), 125-149. Livermore, J. (2006). Electronic bills of lading. Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce, 28(1), 455-59. Nilson, k. (1995). Electronic bills of lading — planning for areas of risk. Journal of Financial Crime, 2(4), 311-316. Scrutton, T. E. (2009). Charterparties and Bills of Lading. London: BiblioBazaar. UNCTAD. (2004). UNCTAD Survey Reveals Why Paper B/Ls Still Rule. Managing Exports, 2004(8), 1-14. Wang, F. F. (2010). Law of Electronic Commercial Transactions: Contemporary Issues in the EU, US and China (Routledge Research in Information Technology and E-commerce Law). Routledge. Yiannopoulos, A. (1995). Ocean Bills of Lading: Traditional Forms, Substitutes, and EDI Systems. The Hague: Kluwer law International. Zekos, G. I. (1999). EDI and the contractual role of computerised (electronic) bills of lading. Managerial Law, 41, 1-34. Trade Law Essay -- International Law Part 1: Critically assess the argument that electronic bills of lading are better and more effective than paper bills of lading. This essay will answer the first part of the question by at first introducing bills of lading, their history and features and then explain what electronic bills of lading are. Bills of lading originated as a result of Mediterranean trading during the 11th or 12th century AD when records of the goods loaded (where the word ‘lading’ comes from) on to ships over long distances were kept. During the early part of the 20th century rules were drawn up by the International Law Association called the Hague Rules that aimed at regulating the obligations and the liabilities of those carrying the goods by sea. A bill of lading documents the type, destination and quantity of the good being transported and also serves as a receipt of shipment when the goods reach their destination. Being a legal document between the carrier and the shipper, which must be signed by both and also signed by the recipient, a bill of lading can be treated as evidence under many different laws as it is a document of title. Due to it being a document of title the shipment will be incomplete without the documentation; therefore it cannot be passed on to the correct party when the goods are presented at the port of destination stipulated in the ocean bill of lading. Bills of lading are usually made in three original pieces or parts which are sent off to the consignee by mail, another is sent off to with the goods and the last is retained by the shipper. Sometimes the master of the ship retains a copy for their own personal reference. An example copy of a bill of lading may be seen in appendix one, at the end of this essay. Two ex... ...hnology Law, 17(2), 125-149. Livermore, J. (2006). Electronic bills of lading. Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce, 28(1), 455-59. Nilson, k. (1995). Electronic bills of lading — planning for areas of risk. Journal of Financial Crime, 2(4), 311-316. Scrutton, T. E. (2009). Charterparties and Bills of Lading. London: BiblioBazaar. UNCTAD. (2004). UNCTAD Survey Reveals Why Paper B/Ls Still Rule. Managing Exports, 2004(8), 1-14. Wang, F. F. (2010). Law of Electronic Commercial Transactions: Contemporary Issues in the EU, US and China (Routledge Research in Information Technology and E-commerce Law). Routledge. Yiannopoulos, A. (1995). Ocean Bills of Lading: Traditional Forms, Substitutes, and EDI Systems. The Hague: Kluwer law International. Zekos, G. I. (1999). EDI and the contractual role of computerised (electronic) bills of lading. Managerial Law, 41, 1-34.

The Perils of Bullying Essay -- social issues, bullying

â€Å"Sticks and stones may break my bones but words will never hurt me.† These words have been repeated countless times, but they are not accurate. In truth, words can kill. Bullying has become a highlighted problem within our society, and bullying in the school systems is even more prominent. According to the news, there are countless cases of bullying, many of which do not have happy endings. The rates of suicide due to bullying are currently higher than they have ever been before. Suicide is the third top causes of death in young people within the United States, averaging at 4,400 deaths a year, with over 50% of these deaths as a result of some sort of bullying. Studies also show that there are 100 suicide attempts for every one successful suicide performed (â€Å"Bullying and Suicide†). These numbers are disturbingly high. Bullying is affecting more kids in ways that some adults may never understand. The fact that words and actions can lead to cutting and suicides is still a distant concept to some and needs to be brought to immediate attention. Laws are now being put into place to prevent these tragedies, but what is really being done to prevent them within the schools or even within the students’ homes? There is a lot of finger pointing when it comes to this topic. But we all want to know what the cause is behind this nationwide crisis and who is responsible for it. A bully can be defined in several ways and this term is sometimes exaggerated. However, according to the Miriam-Webster Dictionary, a bully is defined as â€Å"one habitually cruel to others who are weaker† and bullying is defined as â€Å"to cause (someone) to do something by making threats or insults or by using force†. These are the formal definitions of the term, but the def... ... Retrieved from http://www.bullyingstatistics.org/content/bullying-statistics.html Johnston, J. (2011, April 19). Demi lovato interview: teen star opens up on bulimia, cutting issues. ABC news. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/demi-lovato-interview-teen-star-opens-bulimia-cutting/story?id=13405090 Hamilton, J. (2008). Bullying and hazing. Farmington Hills: Gale and Greenhaven Press. DOI: gale.cengage.com Bullying and suicide. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.bullyingstatistics.org/content/bullying-and-suicide.html The roles kids play. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.stopbullying.gov/what-is-bullying/roles-kids-play/index.html Bullying definition. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.stopbullying.gov/what-is-bullying/definition/index.html Risk factors. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.stopbullying.gov/at-risk/factors/index.html

City X’s investigative plan Essay

As the Police Chief, I have noted with concern the rising number of daylight robberies within the precincts of the city. Over the past couple of days I have gathered and analyzed various reports from both the police and investigation department on the same. Armed with intelligence, my team and I have come up with robust and feasible strategies not only to curb this type of crime but to nail those who are accountable for it. It is absolutely true that those who engage in these robberies are living among us; our relatives, friends and neighbors. I would like the public to volunteer any helpful information to help us carry out duties more effectively. Besides that, the following are some of the actions that we are going to make use of to tackle the problem. First, we are going to amplify the use of intelligence in assembling and acting on useful information about imminent robberies. That is, we are to engage in a policing type which is guided by analyzed information and data. From the studies we have made, the most useful information comes from the undercover police, the public, through top secret informants as well as from those suspects we have in custody. With such information, we will scientifically analyze it, determine and predict when such incidents are likely to happen. From then, we will act swiftly (Palmiotto, 2004). Secondly, we will map out some entities, felony groups and systems which offenders use to cause mayhem. In this case, our work will be to focus on specific people who are well known, their ilk and the connections they use. This is a critical group that will make our investigation procedures easy. Thirdly, we are going to classify and deal with places which report most incidences. These areas are well known to us and therefore, an increase of our undercover personnel will be the next logical step. Fourthly, from now onwards the police will thoroughly categorize and examine the crime cycles from the records that are in their possession. This will help us to be acquainted with the patterns of robberies common in our city. Fifthly, we will implement a variety of precautionary guiding principles which may include revamping the police administration as well as establish a unit dedicated to robberies. This means that a re-structuring of the administration may be in the offing. In addition to that, we will re-engage the community to, alongside our personnel, keep watch over itself. In essence, we will equip the community with the know-how to effectively collect information on likely robberies and notify the police. Local observatory groups ought to be formed to that effect. Furthermore, with the help of the city council, we will be increasing the number of closed circuit television cameras in our streets and residential areas. Undercover, cameras will be discreetly installed in particular places. Similarly, our tour of duty operations will be more objective and directed towards the areas with widespread robberies. The police therefore will be resourced with more patrol cars, special clothing and guns to handle the most violent locations. On top of that, the police will be watching closely monitoring released convicts and repeat offenders in order to thwart them from. Besides that imprisoned robbers will be a vital source of information to our investigations. This because they are relatively knowledgeable on how the friends outside operate, how they are connected to them and the times they pounce on businesses and homes (Palmiotto, 2004). Computer based software for crime analysis is being installed in our stations and experts have already been hired to start working on the available data. What they will provide us with is premises which will inform our decisions regarding robbery and other types of crime. In this regard we would like to appeal for more funding from the federal government and the city council to enable the police division to procure the state-of-the-art communication equipments and systems. This will facilitate our forces to be more effective in their lines of duty. We are in the process of drafting proposals to other organizations pursuant to the same effect. Thank you.

T306B Spring

|PT3 |Faculty of Business Studies | | |F O R M | | | | |TMA Cover Sheet | | | | | | Egypt Branch | First? |Semester |1020 – 0920 |Academic Year | | |1 ? |TMA No. |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦T306B†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |Course No. | |I. Student Information (to be completed by the student) | |†¦Mostafa Yasseen Zaky Maged . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |Student Name | |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |Section No. |0600040511398†¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |Student No. | |[email  protected] om †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |E-Mail | |I hereby certify that the work presented in this TMA is my own and is not copied from any source. | |†¦30†¦.. / †¦3†¦. / 2010 |Date of Submission |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |Signature | |Total |Q6 |Q5 |Q4 |Q3 |Q2 |Q1 |Questions | | | | | | | | |Marks | Total |E-Library |Word Count |Referencing |Presentation |Criteria | | | | | | |Marks | | | Total Marks | | | | |I. Tutor's Comments | |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦| |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦| |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦| |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦.. | |Tutor Name †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. | |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. / †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. / 20 |Date Re turned |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |Signature | Question 1: A. 1. Systems level and hierarchies are significant to system practice as the perspectives of hierarchies and systems level are useful in structuring and grouping elements when exploring a system of interest (ex. Sustainable development). The interdependence of humans and our environment means that systems practice in the domain of sustainable development can not concentrate on human factors alone, there is a wide range of elements included in the sustainable development issues and as practitioners must put their hands on all aspects in order to generate successful sustainable development operations, so hierarchies and systems levels should be significant in order to group and structure the involved elements. A. 2 Hierarchies and systems level should not be disregarded while implementing sustainable development operations no matter what is the individuals system of interest whereas individuals’ actions are relevant to a range of levels, so hierarchies and systems level should be used to categorize these actions and to figure out how to facilitate the interactions between all levels to achieve the required objectives, as these random individual actions can not be followed by a certain result by itself. In addition, it is not always possible to predict what properties may emerge at different situations unless the usage of hierarchies and systems level as they possess emergent properties by which can not be provided by the sub systems B. Sustainable development provides an example of a domain of activity that many have experienced as complex. System practice seems a sensible way to engage with this domain as in the domains of ‘information systems' and ‘organizations' that were explored using systems thinking. Sustainable development issues and situations are best understood by recognizing systems, boundaries, environments and their interconnections. Sustainable development issues have range of perspectives, both on the domain and on systems practice in this domain. Question 2: First order is to accept that there are general rules must be applied to situations in the identification of objects process and well define properties, describe the set of operations functioning independently in order to gather the required data to design a process. First order put practitioners’ hands on how things happened and how to be solved. Second order is to use and utilize the data took from the first order in order to achieve second order change by stepping outside the box and be able to realize the whole situation without being objective or subjective. That makes practitioners recognize that all perceptions and actions can not be undertaken as independent actions when it comes to building up a second order process. First order is about gathering the required data to create a system of interest by identifying the problem, objective and situation while a Second order process is to realize the big picture without focusing on an independent actions/perceptions and be fully aware that those actions can be gathered and interconnected to achieve the system of interest objective. [pic] Question 3: In this case study the practitioner (hereafter Powell) tried to design process through out gathering all data about all resources in the given area to support stakeholders develop applicable and conservative plans by which could serve the sustainable development operations; therefore, he had to work with the inhabitants who have independent systems of interest and then he disregarded many critical issues. Powell tried to apply the BECM concept in order to design a system by which can gather the appropriate classifications for natural resources by bushmen there and put it in maps, he found out that if he added complex geographical systems to the process, it would result in failure because the nature of such systems can not assist researchers on permanent basis to interpret the information obtained as the context of the problem should be exposed day after another and the mentioned above systems can deal with fixed input whereas the bushmen interpretation of complex nature and the sources of survivals available is dynamically changing in place and time. Changes place Question 4: Value refers to meaning something that an individual or group regards as something good or that gives meaning to life. Values are deeply held convictions which guide behaviors and decisions. Personal values are the components of a life of integrity. When honoring values a person feels right, in-tune with and true to themselves. Values include integrity, generosity, diligence, persistence and humor. Belief is considered to be thinkers starting point for a sequence of reasoning. Beliefs include individual thoughts about aspects of life, the way it is and the way it should be like when an individual observes the education issue. Circumstances are used to refer to personal factors, such as experience and role that affect how a situation is perceived like when 2 different people are exposed to the same situation, they will act differently according to how each one perceived the situation and his previous experience in similar situations such being exposed to a problem in the airport, one of them might act wisely and check out the factors that led to such inconvenience and solve it and the other might be aggressive. ———————– First Order Identify objects Gathering data about operations functioning independently Well defined properties Second Order Aware of the system objectives System design Process System design process Commons Inhabitants Sparse Hunters Stands Workers Bushmen Thorny bushes Others Herdsmen Geographical system Systems of interest

Corporate social responsibility Essay

Social responsibility is an ethical theory that an entity, be it an organization or individual, has an obligation to act to benefit society at large. Social responsibility is a duty every individual has to perform so as to maintain a balance between the economy and the ecosystems. Businesses can use ethical decision making to secure their businesses by making decisions that allow for government agencies to minimize their involvement with the corporation. Critics argue that Corporate social responsibility (CSR) distracts from the fundamental economic role of businesses; others argue that it is nothing more than superficial window-dressing; others argue that it is an attempt to pre-empt the role of governments as a watchdog over powerful corporations though there is no systematic evidence to support these criticisms. A significant number of studies have shown no negative influence on shareholder results from CSR but rather a slightly negative correlation with improved shareholder returns. Corporate social responsibility (CSR, also called corporate conscience, corporate citizenship, social performance, or sustainable responsible business/ Responsible Business) is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. CSR policy functions as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby a business monitors and ensures its active compliance with the spirit of the law, ethical standards, and international norms. In some models, a firm’s implementation of CSR goes beyond compliance and engages in â€Å"actions that appear to further some social good, beyond the interests of the firm and that which is required by law. CSR is a process with the aim to embrace responsibility for the company’s actions and encourage a positive impact through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of the public sphere who may also be considered as stakeholders. FUNCTIONS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY The function of corporate social responsibility is for corporations to hold themselves accountable for the ethical, legal, societal and ecological impacts of their business practices. Corporate social responsibility practices are self-monitoring, meaning there aren’t laws requiring corporations to behave in a socially responsible manner. Rules regarding corporate responsibility practices are generally written into the corporate bylaws, mission statements and employee handbooks. Ethical Function Ethics are one of the most important aspects in corporate governance and therefore have an important function in corporate social responsibility. A company must have internal controls regarding the expected ethical behavior and consequences of unethical business practices of its top executives and employees. Behaving ethically makes the company as a whole accountable to its investors, shareholders and consumers. The ethical function of corporate social responsibility helps to prevent conflicts of interest between earning corporate profits and maintaining the integrity of the company and the goods and services it produces. Legal Function The legal function of corporate social responsibility is to encourage transparency in a company’s business practices and financial reporting. Maintaining high levels of legal business practices, such as adhering to Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, regulations promotes goodwill toward employees. Maintaining high levels of legal financial practices maintains good will among investors, stakeholders and government financial-reporting regulatory agencies such as the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. Societal Function The societal function of corporate social responsibility is to respect and invest in the communities in which the company operates. Companies are aware of how the production of their products affects the local community. These companies take necessary actions to diminish the negative impacts of factors such as increased traffic, noise and pollution for the communities in which they operate. The societal function of corporate social responsibility also includes companies reinvesting in the communities in which they operate, such as donating money to local charities. Ecological Function The ecological function of corporate social responsibility is to not only respect the immediate environment in which the company operates but also to respect the company’s effect on the global environment. Companies are aware of the environmental impact the production of their products have on their local communities. In corporate social responsibility, these companies adhere to strict standards in an effort to diminish the negative impact of the environmental byproducts such as air and water pollution from the production of their products. Having such standards impacts both the local and global environments. CHARACTERISTICS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY The idea of Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR, first appeared in the late 1960s in response to the need for businesses to address the effect of their pursuits on the environment and society, in addition to the interests of their shareholders. CSR attempts to portray corporations as responsible citizens who are concerned with issues of social and environmental welfare. The Public CSR argues that corporations bear responsibility for the effect they have on other sectors of society. The activities of corporations have an impact on individuals who don’t work for them and don’t buy their products, through, for example, secondary economic impacts and degradation of the natural environment. CSR acknowledges this, and attempts to make the interactions between corporations and society positive and productive. This can be done by consulting with neighbors and citizens who are affected by corporate activities and by striving for transparency in corporate pursuits so that the public knows what is going on. The Environment Increased knowledge on the part of the public about declining resources, toxic waste and global warming is compelling companies to make more efforts to be more environmentally benign. The traditional view that the natural world is merely a source of materials and an equally convenient dump for waste is being challenged from many quarters, and CSR is an attempt by corporations to respond to these concerns. The sincerity of changes being made on the part of corporations includes some serious efforts to achieve sustainability and other efforts that are essentially â€Å"greenwashing,† activities in which corporations put more effort into appearing green than into actually being green. Clients CSR challenges the traditional wisdom that the interests and needs of the clients of a corporation will be adequately protected by the market itself. Because the free market has been severely compromised by a combination of government subsidies and manipulative marketing practices, CSR attempts to remedy this situation by installing practices into corporate life that will monitor the interaction between corporations and their clients in an attempt to ensure that nobody is being exploited or cheated. Consumer protection can be enforced by the government or voluntarily pursued by companies, the latter course have clear advantages for the public relations of the company. Staff Staff and employees of corporations have a right to expect fair pay, safe working conditions and meaningful work. CSR is one aspect of a transformation in the corporate world that attempts to overcome archaic views of workers as mere means to an end on the part of shareholders. Particularly in less developed countries that are often the sites of intensive resource extraction, the treatment of labor is frequently substandard. CSR is intended to promote the rights of all workers and to ensure that corporations respect these rights and make whatever changes are required to prevent the exploitation and mistreatment of labor. FOUR TYPES OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY As large corporations begin to dominate the world economy, it raises questions about the importance of corporate social responsibility in business. A variety of types of corporate social responsibilities have emerged in public discussions, and understanding their implications is important. Environmental Responsibility People expect businesses to exhibit environmentally responsible behavior, as evidenced by a PricewaterhouseCoopers survey that found that the No. 1 issue for companies in the future, according to U. S. respondents, is carbon emissions reductions. Specific environmental issues that affect businesses include global warming, sustainable resources and pollution. Businesses are being urged by environmental groups and governments to reduce their carbon footprint, to obtain their materials from sustainable sources and to reduce their pollution. Human Rights Responsibility The 21st-century marketplace is highly global. This means that when a product is purchased in the United States, for example, it may have been produced in China, or have components from South America. The ethical issue for corporations is ensuring that human rights are respected throughout all levels of the supply chain. Major companies have received criticism for their use of sweat shops and for sourcing resources that are harvested by unfairly treated workers. This has lead to a push for the use of strict labor standards to be applied to suppliers, and a demand for fair trade products such as chocolate and coffee. Financial Responsibility Financial responsibility is an important issue in corporate social responsibility. In the wake of the accounting fraud perpetrated by Enron and Arthur Andersen and Ponzi schemes orchestrated by the likes of Bernie Madoff, businesses are questioned about the accuracy of their financial reporting by increasingly skeptical shareholders and government officials, as evidenced by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Employees are expected to act as whistle blowers in such situations, and white collar crime is seeing high-profile prosecutions like that of Martha Stewart or former Worldcom CEO Bernie Ebbers. Political Responsibility Trading with repressive regimes is a difficult issue in corporate social responsibility. Some businesses argue that working with these regimes will help to advance them and bring rights to the countries. People and governments have demanded that businesses stop trading with repressive regimes, which was most notably observed when several western governments launched an embargo against the Apartheid government in South Africa during the 1980s. Shell Oil received considerable consumer backlash during the 1990s for its complicit involvement with the Nigerian government that murdered anti-oil activists. These issues make doing business with certain governments an important consideration for corporate social responsibility. PROS & CONS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Corporate social responsibility is generally perceived as a positive business ideology in the 21st century, despite some challenges. A significant expansion of basic business ethics, CSR establishes guidelines for ethical and socially responsible behavior. It addresses how companies that want to satisfy government and societal requirements should treat key stakeholder groups, including customers, suppliers, employees and the community. Pro 1: Social Responsibility and Customer Relationships One of the foundational elements of CSR is that it causes companies to reason beyond basic ethics to consider the benefits of active involvement in communities. In his article â€Å"The 7 Principles of Business Integrity,† business strategist Robert Moment argues that 21st-century companies must prove themselves to customers to build long-term, trusting relationships. They must also get involved in the community to give back. This community connection endears your company to the local markets in which you operate. Pro 2: Motivated Employees Employees are a company’s most valued asset. This is the premise of a company’s obligation to this key stakeholder group with regard to CSR compliance. This means treating employees with respect and offering fair working conditions. It also means establishing fair hiring practices and promoting a non-discriminatory workplace. This improves morale within the workplace and encourages teamwork. Additionally, a writer on the As You Sow website stresses the importance of managing a diverse workplace so that you can benefit from a variety of backgrounds and life experiences. Con 1: Expenses The main reason any company would object to participating in CSR is the associated costs. With CSR, you pay for environmental programs, more employee training and efficient waste management programs. Proponents of CSR agree that any expenses to businesses are ultimately covered by stronger relationships with key customers. However, David Vogel indicates in his Forbes article â€Å"CSR Doesn’t Pay† that investment in CSR programs may not necessary result in measurable financial results. Con 2: Shareholder Expectations Another challenge for companies when considering CSR is the possible negative perception of shareholders. Historically, publicly-owned companies had a primary focus of maximizing shareholder value. Now, they must balance the financial expectations of company owners with the social and environmental requirements of other stakeholder groups. Some shareholders are happy to invest in companies that operate with high integrity. Others may not approve of the aforementioned expenses of operating under CSR guidelines. IMPORTANCE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Social responsibility is so important to current and long-term business success that corporate social responsibility, CSR, has become a widely recognized business process in the early 21st century. An entrepreneur point out that CSR is an evolution of corporate ethics because it involves balancing the social expectations of all stakeholders, including shareholders, citizens, providers and customers, along with environmental responsibility. Basic Integrity Most experts and CSR analysts agree that this broad business concept is an evolution of basic business ethics and integrity. Entrepreneur and business strategist Robert Moment â€Å"The 7 Princes of Business Integrity† agree that treating stakeholders with respect and earning trust of customers through ethical business operations is the CSR foundation. Leading advocate of corporate accountability, the As You Sow Foundation, also stresses the importance of internal business controls that mandated ethics from corporate leaders and employees. Community Relations The word â€Å"social† is key to understanding how CSR goes beyond basic integrity. Moment states in one of his seven principles that as a CSR adherent, you must â€Å"remain involved in community-related issues and activities thereby demonstrating that your business is a responsible community contributor. † This community involvement and participation shows your marketplace that you are interested in more than just taking money from their pockets. In the long run, this strategy leads to a stronger public reputation and more profitable business relationships. The Environment Another reason CSR is much broader than conventional business ethics is its necessary inclusion of environmental responsibility. Once an opportunity for companies to add value and enhance their brand image, green-friendly operations are now a societal requirement with CSR. As You Sow discusses the importance of preserving the environment, optimizing efficient use of natural resources, such as renew, reuse and recycle, and reduction of waste as important to the environmental component of CSR. Companies that do not consider these initiatives draw the ire of the government, public and consumer watch groups. Bottom Line The underlying question is whether CSR operations improve a company’s bottom line performance. David Vogel argues in his 2008 Forbes article that â€Å"CSR Doesn’t Pay. † Vogel argues that operating under CSR guidelines is not likely to produce higher tangible profits for a company throughout time. Now that socially responsible behavior is expected, it goes largely unnoticed, argues Vogel. He does agree, though, that companies that ignore CSR may experience public backlash and negative business consequences. Still, many advocates of CSR believe that companies can still profit in the long run through stronger business and customer relationships. PRINCIPLES OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY The main principles involving corporate social responsibility involve economic, legal, ethical and discretionary aspects. A corporation needs to generate profits, while operating within the laws of the state. The corporation also needs to be ethical, but has the right to be discretional about the decisions it makes. Levels of corporate social responsiveness to an issue include being reactive, defensive, responsive and interactive. All terms are useful in issues management. Selecting when and how to act can make a difference in the outcome of the action taken. CSR has inspired national governments to include CSR issues into their national public policy agendas. The increased importance driven by CSR has prompted governments to promote socially and environmentally responsible corporate practices. Over the past decade governments have considered CSR as a public issue that requires national governmental involvement to address the very issues relevant to CSR. The heightened role of government in CSR has facilitated the development of numerous CSR programs and policies. Increasingly, corporations are motivated to become more socially responsible because their most important stakeholders expect them to understand and address the social and community issues that are relevant to them. Understanding what causes are important to employees is usually the first priority because of the many interrelated business benefits that can be derived from increased employee engagement (i. e. more loyalty, improved recruitment, increased retention, higher productivity, and so on). Key external stakeholders include customers, consumers, investors (particularly institutional investors), and communities in the areas where the corporation operates its facilities, regulators, academics, and the media. The debate, on whether responsibility of a business enterprise is only to its shareholders (owners) or to all stakeholders, including environment and the society at large, is an on going one and continues. In received literature â€Å"Stakeholder†, as an expression is fairly recent in origin, reportedly appearing first in an internal memorandum of the Stanford Research Institute in the year 1963. According to a definition given by Edward Freeman â€Å"A stakeholder is any group or individual who can effect, or is affected by the activities and achievements of an organization. † Friedrich Neubauer and Ada Demb in â€Å"The Legitimate Corporation† identify six groups of distinguishable stakeholders (not necessarily in this order) as follows a) Providers of funds b) Employees c) General public d) Government e) Customers and f) Suppliers An increasing number of companies are reporting publicly on their social, environmental and ethical performance, both as a communication to stakeholders, and as a management tool. However, as this practice has only become more widespread since the mid 1990s, there is as yet no standard format to address the type of information companies choose to report, or how that information is collected, analyzed and presented. At the same time, many stakeholders are becoming increasingly sophisticated in the type and quality of information they are demanding from companies. In an effort to meet these demands – as well as to strengthen the credibility of their social and environmental reports – some companies are choosing to have their reports externally verified. In doing so, companies recognize that verification by a third party can add value to the overall social and environmental reporting process by enhancing relationships with stakeholders, improving business performance and decision-making, aligning practice with organizational values, and strengthening reputation risk management. Social Responsibility Principles The Corporate Social Responsibility is based on the following principles: Legal Compliance Principle: The enterprise shall comply with and understand all applicable, local, international, written, declared, and effected laws and regulations, in accordance with fixed, specific procedures. Adherence to Customary International Laws Principle: The enterprise shall adhere to international and governmental agreements, executive regulations, declarations, covenants, decisions, and guidelines, when setting its policies and practices pertinent to Social Responsibility. Respecting Related Stakeholders lefts Principle: The enterprise shall acknowledge and accept the diversity of related stakeholders’ lefts and interests, and the diversity of the major and minor enterprises’ activities and products, among other elements, which may affect such related stakeholders. Transparency Principle: the enterprise shall clearly, accurately, and comprehensively declare its policy, decisions, and activities, including known and potential effects on environment and society. Moreover, such information shall be available to affected persons, or those who are likely to be affected materially by the enterprise. Respect for Human lefts Principle: the enterprise shall execute policies and practices which shall result in respecting existent human lefts in the Universal Declaration of Human lefts. Because CSR can influence economic, environmental and social factors in a variety of ways, there is no â€Å"one size fits all† approach. An effective CSR strategy must consider alignment with the organization’s business strategy, commercial added value, and sustainability of impact. The benefits of an effective CSR approach to an organization can include: Stronger performance and profitability Improved relations with the investment community and access to capital Enhanced employee relations and company culture Risk management and access to social opportunities Stronger relationships with communities and legal regulators CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AT RELIANCE POWER LTD Reliance Power Limited is part of the Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group, one of India’s largest business houses. It was established to develop, construct and operate power projects in the Indian and international markets. Reliance Energy Limited, an Indian private sector power utility company and the Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group promote Reliance Power. With its subsidiaries, it is developing 13 medium and large-sized power projects with a combined planned installed capacity of 33,480 MW. Reliance Natural Resources merged with Reliance Power in 2010, shortly after its initial public offering. The group operates across multiple sectors, including telecommunications, financial services, media and entertainment, infrastructure and energy. The energy sector companies include Reliance Infrastructure and Reliance Power. Reliance Power has been established to develop, construct and operate power projects both in India as well as internationally. The Company on its own and through its subsidiaries has a portfolio of over 35,000 MW of power generation capacity, both in operation as well as capacity under development. The power projects are going to be diverse in terms of geographic location, fuel type, fuel source and off-take, and each project is planned to be strategically located near an available fuel supply or load centre. The company has 1,540 MW of operational power generation assets. The projects under development include seven coal-fired projects to be fueled by reserves from captive mines and supplies from India and elsewhere; two gas-fired projects; and twelve hydroelectric projects, six of them in Arunachal Pradesh, five in Himachal Pradesh and one in Uttarakhand. Reliance Power has won three of the four Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPPs) awarded by the Indian Government so far. These include UMPPs in Sasan( Madhya Pradesh),Krishnapatnam( Andhra Pradesh) & Tilaiya(Jharkhand). UMPPs are a significant part of the Indian government’s initiative to collaborate with power generation companies to set up 4,000 MW projects to ease the country’s power deficit situation. Besides these, Reliance Power is also developing coal bed methane (CBM) blocks to fuel gas based power generation. The company is registering projects with the Clean Development Mechanism executive board for issuance of Certified Emission Reduction (CER) certificates to augment its revenues. Reliance Power in its continuous efforts to positively impact the society, especially the areas around its sites and offices, has formulated policies for social development that are based on the following guiding principles: Adopt an approach that aims at achieving a greater balance between social development and economic development. Adopt new measures to accelerate and ensure the basic needs of all people. Work towards elimination of all barriers for the social inclusion of disadvantaged groups- such as the poor and the disabled Give unfailing attention to children for in their hands lies the country’s future. It is for their sake that health, education and environment get topmost priority in our programs and investments. In areas around its power plant sites in Sasan,Rosa,Krishnapatnam,Butibori,Chitrangi and others, Reliance Power has been actively involved in various social and environmental organizations to address the issue of sustainable development and social uplift. The Company in discharge of its responsibility as a corporate citizen actively contributes to community welfare measures and takes up several social initiatives every year. Reliance Power Ltd. has been closely working with institutions and social organizations and supporting their programs for social development, adult literacy, adoption of village, tree plantation schemes etc. HEALTH Health and safety are of universal concern across the spectrum of communities. As a company, we are not only committed to compliance with legal norms but its is our endeavour to voluntarily go beyond that and provide quality healthcare facilities in the regions around our site. We are committed to providing all possible support to create awareness on various health related issues impacting the local people. We believe in a multidimensional approach that considers the needs of the area leading to an effective plan to address all issues in consultation with the local administration, community workers and NGOs working in the area. At its various project sites, Reliance Power sites runs medical facility center, physiotherapy center, and mobile medical vans that dispenses free medicines and provide free health check-ups. Also periodically we come up with health camps like general health check up camps, gynecology camps, eye check up camps and corrective surgery camps for disabled children. EDUCATION Education is a basic tool to bring development to an area and its people. We aim to create an awareness pool of human resource both within and across our area of operations. We are committed to bridging the digital divide between the ‘haves’ and ‘have nots’ in educational infrastructure and facilities. Exposure to technology along with a sustainable education model could be strengthened through partnership with government and quasi-government agencies. Reliance Power is involved in a surfeit of activities that have changed the lives of the people residing at the sites or the PAFs (Project Affected Families). Education is the main thrust of these activities. Major contributions made in the area include building of a DAV school at the site for the children of the PAFs and the children of the villages around the sites, free school bus facility for the students, stipend to every child who attends school (a boy child gets Rs. 250 per month while a girl child gets a stipend of Rs. 300 per month), free uniforms, study tours for children, teaching aids to the teachers, training of teachers, as well as night schools for uneducated adults etc. EMPLOYMENT Community is an integral part of the business environment and the basic commitment lies towards augmenting the overall economic and social development of local communities by discharging our social responsibilities in a sustainable manner. Reliance Power invests significantly in skill up gradation of people around the sites. The trained manpower available for construction will ensure quality and accident free working. CIDC, a Government of India initiative has been engaged and has trained about 300 project affected youths as electricians, welders, carpenters and masons and bar benders in batches of 40 each. To further encourage them we paid them, a monthly stipend of Rs. 1000 per month. In addition efforts are on to enroll the oustees in short term courses at the ITI operating in the region. Apart from these, training is also provided are: Computer coaching centre English speaking classes Personality development classes Physiotherapy training center Training by NAC (National Academy of Construction) and use them for future requirement of the construction. For the women folk of the villages, in an effort to empower them the company trains them in soft skills like tailoring and poultry farming etc. Reliance Power provides assistance to women keen on starting their own businesses. THE HUMAN TOUCH BEYOND POLICY IMPERATIVES Although the main thrust of Reliance Power’s CSR lies in providing quality education, health care and livelihood, we don’t restrict ourselves to it. In order to better lives around our areas of interest and business, we strive to provide basic amenities like electrification in the villages, augmentation and development of roads connecting the village to the main roads, old age support for senior citizens of the project affect families, development of the grazing lands for the cattle of the villagers, afforestation and veterinary camps for domestic cattle. Moral and financial support is extended during social occasions like marriages, community prayers, funerals and other such occasions.

Does Science After All Rule Out A Personal God? Essay

Since time in memorial, science and religion which contains the idea of a personal god and his existence as one of its key pillar aspects, have always depicted an outstanding collide. Many scientific scholars and theologists have been involved in this argument in a bid to defend their different stands. However as long as this heated debate has existed, no answer has evidencial conclusion has been arrived at. For instance, the views contained by Albert eisten and Paul Tillich depict the difference in opinion about this aspect of a personal God. as much as everyone is entitled to his/her own opinion, these opinions and the justification they have do not seem to offer any direction to this long standing debate. Einstein states that there is no personal god. He gives a reason to justify his view stating that he and every other intellect is in a state that he similates to that of a little child getting into a huge study with books written in many different languages. He says this child knows that these books have their authors but he/she does not know and neither does she/he comprehend the books’ arrangement. He concludes that this is the perspective held towards god not only by him but by almost every other human having intelligence. After a comparison he did between the magnanimous relay and arrangement of the cosmos and failure to reconcile these features with the evil and suffering he got in the human’s being, eisteen concluded posing a question , how could an almighty god if at all he is there allow the existence of the suffering that is found on earth? In summing Einstein’s opinion he says that his idea is a childlike. However to him an embrace to the idea would be naive and anthropological . On the other hand theologist Paul Tillich holds a different opinion on the same. he asserts the existence of a personal god describing this being as the stronghold of being and even as the existence itself. Tilich, being a theologian is assertive and upholds the idea that a personal god actually exists despite the occurances that may question the existence of this being in terms of pain ,evil and suffering that exists among the human race. Tillich also states that God’s existence is not an aspect that can be proved or disapproved. In more bids to put more emphasis on his opinion which was commonly upheld by other theologists , Tillich even turned scientific tools into theological instruments. He was utterly committed to attempt put his view in the crystal clearest way that god is beyond essence and existence. Other scholars also involved in this argument like Hartshine say that there is really no sense in trying to find out whether a personal God exists. He however states that if there is existence of a personal God is a possibility then there is a necessity of doing so. In this bid it seems that there is a clear cut between those who agree with Tillich’s argument and those who differ with him. However these efforts are slowly being thwarted as the clock ticks. In a bid to conclude, it should therefore be noted that in spite the numerous argument the fact is, scientists have no evidence to prove that a personal god does not exist. Sources Espanol. Evidence for God from science. Retrieved 23rd October 2008 from : http://www. godandscience. org

Documentary film Super Size Me

Crucial health information is brought to the general public’s attention, when Morgan Spurlock directs and stars in the documentary film Super Size Me. After the obesity epidemic that broke out in the early 2000’s, Spurlock wonder’s what would happen if he were to consume only McDonald’s for breakfast, lunch and dinner for thirty days. This experiment raised many eyebrows to what is really reflected as healthy food. Therefore, due to Spurlock’s study a question came to mind; Should McDonald’s place health warning labels on their so-called food products?Yes, all McDonald’s should place health warning labels’ on their products of food. Spurlock proves that McDonald’s is not safe to consume, because at the end of his experiment he gained twenty four and a half pounds, had a thirteen percent increase in body mass, a  cholesterol  level of 230, elevated mood swings, fat buildup in his liver and sexual dysfunction. Many crit ics say that because Spurlock was not exercising regularly and was intentionally consuming an average of 5,000 calories a day, that anybody would have had the same results.Nonetheless after Spurlock carried out his experiment, he proved his case which is, walking 5,000 steps a day and consuming 5,000 calories a day of just McDonald’s is dangerous from every view and McDonald’s should place warning labels on all their food that is sold to the public. Though warning labels’ on McDonalds food would not harm business as much as corporate thinks it will, in the film Super Size Me, Spurlock approaches random members on the street of Manhattan, New York and ask if they know how bad McDonalds is for them and if so, why do they continue to eat it?Every person that was addressed by Spurlock stated yes they do know fast food restaurants are the main cause for health problems, but they still love to eat out. Proving that even the informed American concisely makes the decisi on to eat out rather than making a fresh meal at home. In the end, Spurlock’s film was a success when it came to getting his message across, which is, be informed and stay healthy.